Converbs in heritage Turkish: A contrastive approach

Abstract Turkish expresses adverbial subordination predominantly by means of converb clauses. These are headed nonfinite verbs, i.e. converbs, which have a suffix attached to the stem. The different converbs express aspectual relations between subordinate and superordinate clause, they can be modifying or non-modifying. We analyse data from speakers as heritage language in Germany U.S. well monolingual Turkey. come two age groups: adults adolescents. show that unlike canonical Turkish, multifunctional, meaning both simultaneity causality, for example. Furthermore, we As possible factors might responsible such variation, discuss contact, sociolinguistic differences speaker communities (Germany vs. U.S.) speakers.